Color ID
DATELINE – Detroit, Mich.
A Detroit newspaper investigation reveals that local businesses are using Caller ID to screen calls originating from traditionally African-American neighborhoods.
A Michigan daily newspaper has published an investigative report outlining a statewide conspiracy to violate the civil rights of African-Americans.
The report accuses merchants in several major metropolitan areas of denying service to residents of traditionally African-American neighborhoods. A month-long undercover investigation conducted by the Detroit Advertiser revealed that store owners would routinely use the Caller ID function of their telephone service to screen out calls originating from “bad neighborhoods.”
The Michigan daily’s investigation even found a number of electronics vendors hawking so-called Color ID Boxes specially programmed to detect a preset list of telephone prefixes. The list, also available on certain Internet sites, indexes the prefixes of predominantly African-American and Latino neighborhoods throughout the state of Michigan.
Among the cities mentioned in the Advertiser report are Detroit, Flint, Lansing, and Grand Rapids.
The Color ID scandal began to unravel more than a month ago when a Detroit high school teacher moved across the street and began having problems ordering in food.
Willie Kennedy, who teaches calculus at Detroit’s Coleman A. Young Jr. High School, recalls: “For the longest time I didn’t know what was wrong, I thought there was something wrong with my phone.”
It was Kennedy’s inability to order a pizza on her first night in her new apartment that led to revelations of systemic discriminatory practices. When the schoolteacher moved from the west to the east side of Woodward Avenue in mid-October she was assigned a new prefix by the telephone company. From that point on she was unable to call in her weekly order of a “Friday Night Special” pie from a local pizza joint.
“The phone just rang and rang and it was absolutely the same number I’d dialed the week before,” Kennedy told the Advertiser. “It was so strange. I walked across the street to my old house and got through right away.” At first Kennedy believed her telephone line was at fault but a quick test of other numbers soon dispelled that theory.
The mystery would be solved less than 40 minutes later, when her pizza order arrived. After Kennedy joked about the ordeal with the delivery person, the latter asked “Well, what’s your telephone number?” It was then that the restaurant employee explained that certain exchanges were being “filtered out” by the pizzeria to “insure the safety of its delivery people.” The delivery person also mentioned that this was “standard procedure” among many of the businesses that service Detroit’s fringe neighborhoods.
It is illegal in Michigan for a business to refuse service to a location within its stated delivery area. To avoid breaking this law, the Advertiser asserts that some businesses use Caller ID to avoid phone calls from “risky” addresses.
After being tipped off, Kennedy began going through the phone book calling up establishments which ostensibly offer delivery service to her neighborhood. She subsequently found she could no longer reach more than a third of those businesses from her new phone number. Shortly thereafter, Kennedy contacted a reporter friend at the Detroit Free Press who then passed the news to a staffer at the more aggressive Detroit Advertiser.
Within a month, a team of journalists from the Advertiser had confirmed similar discriminatory usage of Caller ID in over a dozen municipalities statewide. By November 16, when the Advertiser ran as its lead story the first of a four part series entitled “Color ID,” the Michigan State District Attorney’s Office had already announced it intended to “conduct a full investigation of the matter.”
Jean-Paul Barloe, a spokesperson for Ameritech Inc., was quick to distance the telephone company from the growing controversy by insisting that “Caller ID and related technologies are not the culprit here.” Barloe went on to add that his company had no prior knowledge of the special Color ID Boxes or the Internet sites devoted to screening minority telephone prefixes.
As for Kennedy, she now avoids even the possibility of being screened out by using a cellular telephone to make outgoing calls even when she’s at home. “The funny thing is,” Kennedy jokes, “I’m like the last person on this side of the street to switch to cellular.”
